How to create and deploy Python API in Docker?

How to create and deploy Python API in Docker?

Written By

1. Create an API using python

For python, there are many options available to create APIs, such as Flask, Falcon, Starlette, FastAPI etc.

We will be using FastApi in this article for three reasons:

We can create an API end-point with minimal code
It is incredibly fast and its speed is on par with NodeJS and Go
It automatically creates both OpenAPI (Swagger) and ReDoc documentation

We here will serve our FastAPI server with Uvicorn.

Uvicorn is the ASGI server that allows for asynchronous processes compared to the more traditional WSGI servers. This will speed up the application and brings us closer to production-performance.

Before we start creating our first Python API, make sure that Python and pip are already installed on our development system.

First, we need to install both FastAPI and Uvicorn and to install both, execute below commands in the terminal

pip install fastapi
pip install uvicorn

Now, create a file structure as shown below

Now navigate to app > main.py file and add below code

Now in the terminal window, write below command

uvicorn main:app --reload

It will start our Fast API at the port 8000 by default.

After starting our FastAPI server, we can go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs to see the documentation of our server automatically generated. We can even press “try it” to see if the server works as intended.

We can also get ReDoc using the link below.
http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc

As I said, FastAPI is served at the port 8000 by default, but if we want to use any other port then we can update our code as shown below.

2. Deploy API using Docker

Now that we have an API to deploy we might want to containerize the application using Docker. Docker containerizes our app and all its dependencies to ensure it works seamlessly in any environment. This makes it easier to deploy your application across environments without much additional integration steps.

Start by making sure that we have Docker installed. Also specify a requirements.txt file for the application as shown below.

Next is creating the Dockerfile, which is needed to run a containerized version of our API. Fortunately, the developers of FastAPI have created python images that allow for proper environments to run FastAPI.

Here is what a Dockerfile will look like

Save the code above in a Dockerfile and in the terminal navigate to the folder and run the following commands one by one:

docker build -t myimage ./
docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage

Here, the first command will create an image of our FastAPI, this will build and run the image that we have specified in the Dockerfile.The second command will use the image which we have just created and will create a container of it.Our API is now ready and can be accessed from http://127.0.0.1/docs .

3. Conclusion

In this comprehensive guide, we have gone through step by step creating an API and containerizing the application. We can now choose to host it locally or deploy the Docker via cloud solutions such as AWS or Azure.

We have tried to make this article as simple as possible, hence we have only included subjects that we thought are important. Some more advanced topics have been excluded such as:

Securing the API
Routing and POST, PUT endpoints
Configuring the Gunicorn/uvicorn server
How to compose a Docker file in detail
Creating separate Dockerfiles for different stages
Using Kubeflow with Kubernetes to simplify production